Education is not the only key to success Essay

Most concourses in understand some form of parliamentary execute for their meetings. This Factsheet non solo briefly explains proper parliamentary procedure for much formal meetings, but also describes acceptable alternatives for decision- do in small chemical groups. Rules For Meetings Just as the object of a game gives direction to its frivolers, traditionalistic principles of a democratic meeting guide group members when they gather 1. all member has rights equal to every(prenominal) other member. 2. The lead of the majority must be carried out. 3. The minority must be heard, and its rights protected. simply one effect exit be considered at a eon. In articulate to play a mapicular game, certain rules for that game must be followed. parliamentary procedure is a set of rules for meetings which ensures that the traditional principles of e forest, harmony and efficiency ar kept. Roberts Rules of Order, the best-kn sustain description of standard parliamentary pro cedure, is used by m either different fundamental laws as their rule book for conducting effective meetings. The occupation With Rules The saying Rules be meant to be broken implies that no rules ar perfect.The parliamentary rules used in government provide guidance for a consistency of hundreds of people meeting daily for months with a great volume of assembly line to conduct. These same rules ar not appropriate for all governing bodys. How rigid are your meetings? Does too a lot technical procedure ( feats, amendments, seconding, etc. ) get in the way of effective decision-making and total group discussion? Too oftentimes formality in a meeting will frustrate and deter members when the proceedings bog down. Parliamentary rules for meetings are intended to divine service the group conduct its business (fairly and efficiently), not hinder itThere are many effective ways for a group to conduct its meetings. proficient procedure, however, should be discouraged in the ave rage group meeting. Every memorial tablet should examine standard parliamentary rules, then interpret and adapt them to its own use. If group members agree that the rules theyve developed permit a majority to get to the organizations ultimate purpose within a sound period of time, while allowing the minority a reasonable opportunity to behave its views, then those rules are appropriate. Rules For Small Group Meetings?Meeting procedures for committees, executives and most boards toilet be much different than those for larger gatherings. Certain formalities are unnecessary when the group size is less than about a xii members. For example 1. There is no limit to the number of times a member whitethorn speak to an issue. 2. It is not necessary to address the professorship before speaking. 3. The passman neednt leave that post in order to speak, make interrogatives or voting. (In fact, he or she may well be the most active participant in discussions and work of the committe e. ) 4. Motions need not be seconded. 5. Action stand be taken, at times, without the introduction of a gesture.If, however, a small group using these relaxed rules discovers that any one of the quartette basic meeting principles is existence abused, then more formal procedures may be reintroduced to the meeting. Parliamentary performance At A Glance If your group follows parliamentary procedure by the book, the occasional technical marvel might be asked. 1. What is the proper sequence of step in having a motion choosed on? A motion has nine mathematical steps Moved a proposal from the pedestal. Seconded another member feels the proposal is charge discussing. Stated by the top or secretary.Wording is recorded mightily and everyone understands the role of the proposal. Discussed every speaker addresses the chair and must speak only to the motion. Usually, each member may speak only once to a motion except the mover who has first and last chance to speak. revise cha nging the wording of the motion by adding or deleting words surrogate with different words. each amendment has the same 9 steps as a motion. Called aft(prenominal) sufficient discussion, either a motion to end public debate or a vote is pressed at the discretion of the chair. Restated ensures everyone understands what is being voted on.Voted chair calls each option All in favour? , Opposed? or Abstaining? Declared results of the vote are announced by the chair. 2. Can the intent of the main motion be changed by an amendment? Yes the main motion may be changed, contrary to the intent of its movers. provided both criteria govern the use of an amendment An amendment may not convert a motion to its direct detrimental and An amendment must be pertinent to the topic in the main motion. E. g. , a motion to purchase a modern typewriter for the secretary may not have and to pay the expenses of delegates to the annual meeting added to it.This amendment clearly has no kin with the secretarys need for new equipment. 3. How many amendments can be do to a motion? There are only two kinds of amendments those pertaining to the proposed motion called first rank and those pertaining to a proposed amendment called second rank (amendment to the amendment). Only one amendment of each rank may be on the floor at one time. Any number of amendments may be do to most motions, but no second rank amendments may be amended (i. e. , an amendment to the amendment to the amendment is not allowed ). 4. How can a meeting start without a quorum?A quorum is the minimum number of eligible voters that must be arrange at a meeting to conduct business. This number is designated in the by-laws of the organization and for a board is usually half the voting members plus one. If no quorum is present when the advertised hour of the meeting has been reached, then the presiding policeman may dismiss the group (after setting a time for future meeting) or the group may agree to proceed in formally with the agendum, awaiting ratification of any decisions at a future meeting or the group may discuss any items of interest but make no decisions. 5. How can our constitution be amended?A good constitution contains provender for amendment, so the structure and procedures can continually meet the changing demand and purposes of the group. Usually, a particular(prenominal) committee is appointed to review the groups objectives, structure, functions, etc. Copies of its report and recommendations are circulated to all members with the required notice and agenda for the meeting (often the organizations annual meeting). Any amendments proposed during discussion at the meeting require a majority vote for approval, but the motion to amend the constitution inescapably a two-thirds majority vote for adoption.Who is the presiding officer at meetings? Often the president is designated in the constitution or by-laws to chair the organizations meetings. In many groups, however, the chair is assigned to the past-president, special moderator, or to a different person each time on a rotating basis. This allows the president to take a lead in debates on policy rather than maintain a position of supposed disinterest which is directly contrary to his or her usual role as vocalism for the group. 7. After considerable debate, we still are not constitute to vote on the motion. What can we do?A motion to postpone the field until the next meeting may be in order, so that more nurture can be gathered. A motion to postpone temporarily (to table) allows a motion to be set aside until later in the meeting, allowing more urgent business to be dealt with, permitting amendments to be drafted, or allowing time for implications of the motion to be checked. A motion to take from the table brings it blanket before the meeting. The motion may be withdrawn at the pass along of its mover, but only if no member present objects. 8. What happens when someone yells disbeliefFrom th e floor indicates that he or she wants the motion put to a vote. Only if the chair feels that the motion has had reasonable debate and most members are ready to vote, can he or she call the question (i. e. , All those in favour? , etc. ). Another way to close discussion on a motion is for someone to make a motion to call for a vote. This motion must be seconded and requires a two-thirds majority vote in order to proceed with a vote on the motion on the floor. 9. How should a committee report be accepted by an organization?A motion to receive the report means that the organization is not committed to any of the conclusions or recommendations contained in it. (An example of much(prenominal) a report would be the monthly, unaudited treasurers report. ) A motion to adopt the report in whole or in part commits the organization to some or all of the recommendations of the report, and often implies some fulfil to be taken. 10 Sometimes while one motion is being considered, an alternative motion might be the better one. How can it be presented? 1. The movers request permission from the presiding officer to read out the alternative motion.The movers of the legitimate motion are asked if they will withdraw their motion, with the unanimous consent of the meeting. 3. If the master copy motion is withdrawn, then the alternative motion is moved. 4. If the authentic motion is not withdrawn, then the movers of the alternative motion inform the meeting that their motion will be moved if the original is defeated. They thus urge the members to vote against the original motion. Top of Page Consensus Another Method Of Decision-Making In Groups How many meetings does your group hold in a year to discuss issues or fusss?How much time is spent in each regular meeting making decisions or solving problems? Does the discussion end with a proposal for effect? One rule in parliamentary procedure that can stifle a free and easy exchange of ideas is Discussion can take place only after a motion is proposed. In fact, a motion is a proposed course of action, a solution to a problem, or a decision. By focusing the groups attention on a solution before realizing the scope of the problem, the group may be voting on something that is entirely inappropriate. Is the cart before the horse?A simple method of ensuring an effective group decision is to build a motion through consensus. This method eliminates a complicated amendment procedure after an initial motion has been proposed. It also ensures that a large majority will agree with the motion rather than the mere 51% required by a typical voting procedure. The following process can be used throughout the meeting for every problem the group needs to discuss. Step 1. Describe the issue or problem confronting the group. State the problem clearly and concisely. If it is complex, then write it out. Step 2.Gather all information relevant to the problem. All pertinent facts and ideas about the problem need to be heard i n order to make a wise decision. withdraw between facts and opinions. A decision can often be made right away. However, action may need to be deferred so that additional information can be gathered. Step 3. List all possible solutions or actions. Explore alternatives. Be creative. Use brainstorming techniques to generate new ideas, from every member. Step 4. Choose the best possible solution. Use a process of elimination refine and combine parts of your list in step 3.Reaching consensus is not always easy. Some individuals become preclude with the time taken for group decision-making. Also, this method relies on the discretion of the chair who eventually decides when a general agreement or common pinch has been reached. In some situations, if only extremely vocal and confident individuals make bold to challenge the majority view, then the minority opinion is in risk of exposure of being suppressed. Using consensus, however, can result in higher quality decisions. The compl icated rules of parliamentary procedure are reduced while level best member participation is encouraged.In the end, group decisions lead to group action Conclusion Whichever method your group chooses to make its decisions or conduct its meetings, the quartette principles of a democratic meeting must be followed. As more formal procedures are adopted, more complicated rules are followed. There is lower-ranking reason for any one person to attempt to learn every rule of parliamentary procedure. To know where to find the answers is enough. The following references may table service answer any questions not addressed in this Factsheet. References Parliamentary Procedure at a Glance. Jones, O. Garfield.

Secularization

Historically, laymanisation first referred to the process of transferring property from spectral legal power to that of the state or other no religious consent. In this organizational sense, secularization still means the decline of formal religious authority for example in education, prisons, and hotel room bedside tables. Institutional secularization has been fueled by the breakdown of a unified Christendom since the Reformation, on the one hand, and by the increase validation of society and culture from the Enlighten calculateforcet to modern scientific society, on the other.Some political analysts prefer the term laicization to describe this institutional secularization of society, that is, the replacement of official religious control by no religious authority. 12 It is clear that these two forces represent opposite tendencies of thought. To insist upon the principles of traditional Christianity is to intoxicate modern views of its very aliveness it opposes pessimism to t he optimism of modern thought. And yet reconciliation amid the two is not absolutely im come-at-able. It can take place, however, lonesome(prenominal) as the result of a modification of the current view of Christianity.A unseasoned c at one timeption of religion mustiness make itself felt, and this change can be readily effected. It must center on the person of messiah and must abandon its dogmatic system. In the person and in the preaching of Christ, as an historical phenomenon, we have the foot for an understanding betwixt Christianity and the culture of our day. Jesus himself never accepted the total corruption of man as the basis of his preaching. Rather it was an ideal of honourable perfection that he held up to his believersof life in perfection and activity according to his will. 2Secularism has also influenced Western subterfuge since the Classical period, while most art of the last 200 long time has been produced without suggestion to religion and often with no pa rticular ideology at all. On the other hand, Western art has often been influenced by governing of one kind or another, of the state, of the benefactor and of the artist. While institutional and ideologic secularization have been preceded at the same time over the departed few centuries, the relationship between the two is not exact or necessary.Even in a medieval, Constantinian setting, formally religious in character, men and women were not untouched from having their life, thought, and work shaped by secular influences. In an institutionally secular (laicized) society it is possible for individuals and groups to live, think, and work in ship look that are motivated and guided by God and religion. 1 With a keen deal of emphasis on contemporary discussions of Christianity and secularism the confrontational Letters and text file from Prison penned by writer, Dietrich Bonhoeffer, because the work is incomplete leaves much to the imagination and not enough fact.Bonhoeffers notion s start heavy debates on the meaning and implications starting with titles worry Christian worldliness, man-come-of-age, the worlds arrival at adulthood, and the need for a non-religious interpretation of biblical terminology. Other writers Friedrich Gogarten (The Reality of Faith, 1959), Paul van Buren (The Secular Meaning of the Gospel, 1963), Harvey cyclooxygenase (The Secular City, 1965), Ronald Gregor Smith (Secular Christianity, 1966), and the death-of-God all leave little to the imagination equitable as Bonhoeffers does.These are examples of those who have shadowed one possible course. Kenneth Hamilton (Life in Ones Stride, 1968) denies that this is the best way to interpret Bonhoeffer and argues that these writers hesitated in his indispensable, orthodox attitude. 2 Of course, the differences between the sacred and the secular is an undeniable gap In the same way that God speaks and acts Christians must speak and act inventively and full of repurchase for there actions. In all cases, Christian life in the secular world is to be carried out under the Lordship of Jesus Christ and in compliance to the will of God rather than the will of the world. Christians may work to ensure that the Word of God is heard and is shitn room among the numerous other voices which will constitute the diverse whole. To insist that the Word of God be imposed on all without exception is to fall once again into an unbiblical oppression. To fail to articulate the Word of God in the saeculum, however, is to give in in a secularism which, by excluding the Creator, can lead only to death.Deliverance from sin and forgiveness of sin were indeed emphasized in his preaching but his dominant thought was that of struggle toward an ideal moral life. This is the idea that must take possession of modern Christianity, if it is to be harmonize with modern views and civilization and to win for itself the educated classes. Not as a dogmatic system, but as a moral power, based on the power ful personality of Jesus, must Christianity be proclaimed to the thinking the great unwashed of our times?

A Poem for Black Hearts by Amiri Baraka Essay

The rime A poesy for Black Hearts by Amiri Baraka is create verbally in free poetise and is consisting of 27 lines which, in a way construct and epitomize an ikon of Malcolm X. The poetry commemorates him and his stature as the black god of our time period subsequently persuading Afri chamberpot Ameri cigarette men to continue the fight for gracious rights. Malcolms essence is made fragmented by the verbaliser for separately part of his body is given high significance so as to frame an image of a f everyen leader who became an icon for all black men.At the equal time as the meter is non only for those who birth black hearts, as it is excessively intended to be for Malcolms eyes which have the capability to break the face of just about dumb white man by challenging his authority. The speaker emphasizes that the verse skeletal frame is also for Malcolms words, which were described and symbolically renamed fire darts to imitate that his flaming words including the rh etoric of war and were c atomic soma 18fully aimed at the enemy. The speaker feels that Malcolm was assassinated, believing that Malcolm was murdered for voicing out his outrage against racism and back up the masses to conduct political encounterion when it is deemed necessary. In addition, the poem is for Malcolms heart, for his retire for his fellow black men and his pleas for the African American dignity, life, and education. Finally, the poem is intended to be for all of those raft like him Malcolm who are slain and all of him remembered which clings to African American political and cultural rhetoric. The speaker incites that he intended his readers particularly the black men to quit stuttering and shuffling, whining and stooping and to look up. Instead of accepting their defeat, black men should rise up their heads with dignity and see Malcolm as their enormousest example of African American pride, masculinity, and political activism. In the closing lines, the speake r, challenges the black men to let secret code in them rest until Malcolms expiration has taken vengeance.He furthers his shout out of retri simplyion by showing his word of honor as that if we move over to avenge Malcolms terminal, let us never breathes a arrant(a) breath. At this point, the speaker wanted the black men to look deeper into Malcolms eyes, words, heart, and dignity as well as his desire to change the military personnel so that the voices of black men can continue to speak and act within the space Malcolm helped create. On the other hand, Michael S. Harpers national elegy entitled proficient John, Dear Coltrane serves as an elegy to a wind musician and the legacy which he was able to share through his music. The poem copys the determine of Coltranes jazz novelty through depict his image of corporal death. The elegy focuses on the mans death and the progress of his music from immediate and alive to reproduced and commodified from the time of his permanen t absence. The poem undermines the communication that venerates John Coltranes music by making it a big issue whether or not in that respect is a supposition that music of a assassinated person will serve as an aesthetic to the blacks culture. The poem uses bodily and at the same time cultural images of copy calls and attention which later leads to the creation and reproduction of jazz. The poem focuses on the physical image to bring Coltranes jazz to another venue while still squarely within the body. In the line Sex fingers toes, the speaker uses the word sex which may be connoted to have a double importee. This should be read as two the act and the genitalia to bring into line the body with the sexuality corporal by jazz music. Sex as genitalia can be connected later on through out the poem at that place is no substitute for torture/genitals gone or going,/ germ burned out.The speaker here shows how genitals failed to connect with the music, with the pain that could have produce two movement and desire. The bodily pain which speaks of slavery can also be seen turn back, and move/ by river through swamps. The pain of having been slaves, which eventually led to their attempt of escaping through the swamps of the south, is comparable to the pain from which the blues stems. Thus, the poem connects the blues with all of its ties to slavery and a specific African American aesthetic. The end of the poem shows the end of Coltranes life and tells the bodily experience of dying which later proved to be too great for Coltrane to produce jazz. In the poem, the movement of the music with the help of the radio clear shows the peoples movement to being slaves towards their freedom. This represents the new route to the peoples ultimate freedom however, that route will always go back to the musician and his music. As it created links between jazz as a mode for liberation, it elegizes the death of a man who created jazz. The poem builds a relationship between Colt ranes reproductive organs and his creation of jazz. The poem eulogizes the musician himself, not only Dear Coltrane (the music) but also Dear John (the man). Without the man, the figure of the body, even jazz as revolutionary as Coltranes remains an empty aesthetic. More so, Wilfred Owens Anthem for ordain Youth, which is connoted to be a modernistic elegy, maintains the aspects of ancient an elegy which is composed of both personification and lamentation. The author also uses the conventional form of a coarse elegy rather than adapting the epic form in writing his poem.Owen also describes that the prayers and church bells as mockeries and directly imply that no matter how grand, immortalizing or well attended a funeral ceremony is this will not be able, in any way, to bring back the dead. This opposes the former known form of elegy which is called the pastoral elegy, which attempts to eternalize the dead, either through words or through divine imagery. The audience cannot be con soled with merely the hope of immortalization and carry back the dead on some distant plane of charitable thought.Rather than to personify the nature of mourn the deceased, Owen uses the sound of falling shells to create an image of sorrow. These shells are causing death, so it is strange that they should mourn for the dead as well. Owen personifies machines in the course of the poem instead, and these machines cannot alleviate mourning since they are the ones which ca apply it. The speaker in the poem implies no difference between weapon system and life because neither among the mentioned can mourn the dead for us.The words used in the course of the poem is diametrical from the other elegies in different types since it uses more of the most known and colloquial forms to better emulate the perception of sorrow and lamentation. With this, a new meaning in showing grief was reshaped and was alleviated from the former connotation of such.Gendered elegy American History written by Michael Harper is a short yet dramatic large-hearted of elegy that speaks about the fate of four black little girls who died in a church in Alabama. Through them, the author is reminded of the fate of a hundred more others who are keeping their selves away from the real population in the fear of being caught dead without giving their untimely death any justification. Most of them, according to the author, are in strict concealing and is always operating in groups.This situation was enlivened even if there are only nine lines composing the entire poem the meaning that the author would want to speak about is clearly spoken. With only that number of lines, the author was not deprived of the freedom to express his thoughts and his genuine role in writing the said piece.This poem would also want to mimic the situation of the blacks then in the United States where it is vocal on the subjugation and inhumane treatment being accorded to them because of their color and race.It does not show untold lamentation and sorrow due to the lost of the four black girls but the more visible meaning of it is the fear of other black people to be caught in the same incident as that of the little girls.Meanwhile, modern elegy transforms grief in a new way of version it. It has reshaped personification that is free form writing style, the awareness of the inability to immortalize any person who has been dead and blatant refusal to mourn shows how difficult lintel with sorrow over the loss of a loved one can be. This illuminates the intention being shed away by the traditional form of elegy which mimics the scream of anger and denial towards grief over a loss of a person and that acceptance of the said irreversible loss.This miscellany of elegy is something that transforms the vision of the audience from being sorrowful to somehow a better feeling and acceptance over the lost of someone whom they love the most. This is because of the choice of words that was used in order to c ome up with the entire poem.Work CitedOCLAIR, JAHAN. The Norton Anthology of Modern and Contemporary Poetry. New York W.W. Norton, 2003.

Character Analyzation “The guest” Albert camus Essay

Albert Camus allegory The Guest, expects place in the unprocessed terrain of Algeria at the end of World War II. Algeria, under French check at the time, was very tense due to civil unrest of the Arabic people. The protagonist of the story is Daru, a solitary French schoolteacher who lives at a school on a remote plateau that has been ramshackle due to a freak snowstorm after eight months of drought. ii minor characters, a French policeman, Balducci, and an Arab prisoner arrive at the school. Balducci commands Daru to vacate the prisoner to nearby authorities but Daru has a conflict over the finish of whether or non to take the Arab to prison. In the end, Daru leaves the decision up to the Arab.The Arab, being a monotonic and definemingly static character, somehow contributes significantly to the existentialistic nature of Darus character and his actions. The author, an existentialist, declaims the story with an indirect pre moveation. The central appraisal appears to be there is an inherent conflict between what dissimilar grows get as morally right. We will analyze how the round/flat and high-octane/static qualities of the characters as well as the presentation affect the storys central idea.Darus character, as the protagonist, is very round. In this story, Daru lives at a remote and solitary schoolhouse plagued by silence. Daru is confronted by the decision of whether or not he should deliver an Arab prisoner to the French authorities. We go through the prisoner is in custody for murdering his cousin over grain owed. The flat character, Balducci, represents the French authority and its moral code while the Arabs culture seems to permit this act His village was beginning to stir they wanted to take him binding (105). Balducci gives his fellow Frenchman Daru an obligation to deliver the prisoner.Daru, who is utterly disgusted by the actions of the Arab, does not want to take him to police headquarters because of his existentialist beliefs either bit of this disgusts me, and first of all your fellow here. But I wint hand him over (106). That mans stupid execration revolted him, but to hand him over was contrary to honor (110). We can see that Daru is torn between what is actually right or wrong. He wants the Arab to fall because he doesnt want to plant the choice himself. He was astonied at the unmixed joy he derived from the mere thought that the Arab efficacy have fled and that he would be alone with no decision to make (107).Darus character is very dynamic. At first he refuses to realise the Arab to justice due to his existentialist beliefs. We can tell that Balducci looks checkmate on the Arab while Daru, views him more humanely. Daru insists that the Arab doesnt need to be tied up. Balduccis character is static. He claims he doesnt like putting ropes on prisoners but concludes by saying But you cant permit them have their way (106). Daru insulted Balducci by not wanting to comply with him. afterwards remembering Balduccis farewell, he reveals He had hurt him, for he had sent him off in a way as if he didnt want to be associated with him, and he mat up strangely empty (110). The Arabs character remains somewhat static throughout the story. The Arab got up some(prenominal) times the night before, as if almost wanting to escape, but came back in. With the task of delivering the prisoner at hand, Darus final choice is to let the Arab choose his own fate, which was totally not what Balducci intended. The Arab does what he feels is right, or what he feels the governing society feels is right. He complies with French equity, while ironically, Daru didnt.The presentation is as well very important in supporting the central idea of this story. A major revolt against the French colonists was about to take place. French halt and law was in question. Should one culture be able to impose laws upon another culture just because it is temporarily the governing body? In the meantime, Daru c ooked for the Arab and ate with him, showing him trust and compassion. The Arab was surprised that Daru was eating with him. We can tell the Arab was scared and wanted Daru to go with him. During bedtime, Daru slept naked near the prisoner. This shows that Daru was letting down his guard Men who share the same rooms, soldiers or prisoners, develop a strange alliance as if, having cast off their armor with their robes (109). He watched as the prisoner quietly crept out of bed. The Arab was very neuronal and got up several times, but Daru didnt do anything. He was free hoping the Arab would escape so he wouldnt have to deal with the all told situation.The next day the two hiked down the plateau towards the jailhouse. There, Daru showed the Arab the path to the prison, but also showed him the way towards pasture kills where nomads lived Theyll take you in and shelter you according to their law (111). The Arabultimately chose the fate that French law had dictated. When Daru went bac k to the schoolhouse, he take up a message on the chalkboard, you handed over our brother, you will deliver for this (111). Here again, we see a conflict of views. Daru, upon not making a choice, inadvertently committed a crime amongst those people. Throughout the story, Daru referred to the Arab as the guest.The banter of this story is Daru is actually the stranger in a strange land while we might perceive the Arab as the guest. In conclusion, we see that different cultures have conflicting views about what is right and what is wrong. As an existentialist, Daru let the Arab ascertain his own fate. Daru felt if he took the Arab to jail, it would be wrong. He also felt if he told him to go free, it would be wrong against the French authority. Because Daru acted by not acting, he unintentionally committed a crime against the Algerian people. Ironically, Daru was in a catch 22.

Small and Medium Enterprise

Accessibility Mono plains for Urban Community in capital of Ind angiotensin converting enzymesia contemporary societies heavily depend on deportation and modern-day mixer liveness is possible wholly if commonwealth hasten mobility on a perfunctory basis?the ability to move around so that they tail assembly do what they have to do or like to do (Augurs, 2004).On the one hand, luxuriously personal mobility and the lifestyle choices be features of modern societies tho be and constraints mingled in meeting this demand threaten communities in first-string(prenominal) focuss via financial impositions, increases in taint and greenhouse strengths and reducing of local amenity, promotion of dispersed developing and the aka up of farm or flockh land and depletion of scarce fossil fuel reserves (G, 1999, up. 11-122). nowadays close every day mass media in Indonesia review the issues well-nigh unworthy general convey and increasing levels of work over-crowding in cap ital of Indonesia.The fuss of congestion and poor of usual acid run is the triggers that increase of exploitation secret cars in Jakarta which causes the high acceleration place of maturement private labour fomites, both motorcycles and cars since 1999 (Table. L). Congestion reducing get by push the using of private motor vehicles and evitable of exoteric theodolite dos is to be important. Failure of transfer governing bodys allow for impede with the development of an argona, affecting the efficiency of the urban economy.Provides good customary conveyance do ordain encourage people to change from private vehicles to reality imparting. found on this incident, the people in Jakarta hope that Jakarta peasant Government immediately revivalist the public transportation services. habituated the fact how important to managing for excellence in public transportation, one of those benefits is public transportation improves the quality of life in immunities by provid ing safe, efficient, and stintingal transportation service (Klein, 2005, p. 154).The availability and cost effectiveness of public transportation is too rattling to ensuring a healthy economy and improving mobility. Improvements of public transport volition help to reduce congestion, appearance pollution, in like manner oil and expertness consumption. unmatched of our government program is to habitus mono plains in Jakarta. The reason to instal mono vituperates, because for from each one one and every day hundreds of thousands of riders argon carried on monorails, environment favourable and also cost effective (Greenwood, 1963, up. 6-29). Lots of experts who concluded Jakarta bequeath acquiring worse of congestion if not solving efforts from now.Some of other causes is the overleap of public transport services and un watchd road users in Jakarta. in that location are several ways or way out that screwing be used as an approach to solve the congestion mickleiness in Jakarta. Certainly sess be done as an approach, such(prenominal) as reducing the use of private motor vehicles and increased ethics, commerce discipline on the highway and revitalization the public Jakarta that plumb good example and already operates nearly around 9 years gaga with Eng corridors to a greater extent than 200 Km, but Trans-Jakarta has not become a skillful coiffe of mass transportation in Jakarta.A new innovation that will lend oneself in Jakarta is to build monorails transportation system. Build the monorails transportation system is not a purely economic and financial feasibility, but more than than for the sight of a city. Life and economic activity of a city, depending on how easily people to travel or mobility and how often they shtup do it to various destinations in the city.Main objective from monorails transportation system is to stick outs the fortune for people to improve the quality with a more liable, trustworthy, safe, nourishable, affo rdable and more economical. Monorails have often been lumped together with flying cars as part of a naive, cartoonist vision of the future (Kennedy, 2005, p. 2). The monorails society defines monorails as A single rail component as a track for passenger or despatch vehicles. In most cases rail is elevated, but monorails can also impress at stain, below grade or in subway tunnels (Kennedy, 2005, p. ). cast to build a monorails in Jakarta is still in a semipermanent process, but it would be better if the government has already started mean for NY picky infrastructure and study from an international reference about what, wherefore in order to prepare and support this project. The reasons to support of using monorails 1 . Monorails are nonpolluting, quite and automated, all these characteristics are approximately the same for some(prenominal) electrically forcefulnessed modern transport system on a guide- way or rails. 2.Safety, the record has been extremely good, with serious operational accidents not save encountered. 3. Personal guard has also been exceptional, and systems operate in controlled environments, and all-embracing control programs done by monitors and safety response are in place. 4. ripe(p) technology image, monorails are associated in the public mind with technical packaging and visionary concepts, This may be a considerable supreme force, possibly generating considerable public and civic support for implementation. Augurs, 2004). Monorails are categorise in Zero Accident or the safest public transpiration systems. Because of their elevated design, accidents with rise up profession are impossible. Zero accidents translates to no system down age, little financial obligation suits and most importantly, no injuries or deaths where street rail systems with grade crossings ( promiscuous rail, trams r trellises) cant offer this kind of safety. Also, passenger safety is a primary contemplation in the design of modern monorails s ystem.Various manufacturers are ensure passengers safety and comfort during their trips. These kind of modern cars benefited recent interior design techniques and modern dodge features such as fully automated air teach systems, the vehicles air spring suspension and unobstructed passageways to bring an open atm to the passengers, and to provide a pleasant time for passengers rather than a time emotion boxed in, as they feel like having fun base on balls in the air.Monorails are completely electric and produce zero emissions and, as meaner of transpiration, monorails serve in the removal of large amount of various motor vehicle traffics and reduced emissions by tons of carbon monoxide (CO), volatile original compounds (VOCE) and nitrogen oxides (Knox). Environmentalists have long sought to be rid of pollution and congestion caused by auto traffic in every keep raw(a) area. There are several examples of green monorails track through with(predicate) jungle areas.Since most 6 6 monorails trains run above the surface, wildlife and humans would be safer, ruffle levels would be lower, and elution would be greatly reduced. Concerning CA emission in passenger transport the rail transport (including light, telling rail and monorails) is intravenous feeding propagation more efficient than the car and three times more than the tied(p) on average (Figure 4. 5) also because most of the modern light rail and monorails systems have electrical engines, the involve energy is supplied by a nonmoving situation supply system fed by the public precedent grid or a distant small size power plant.This meaner, the mentioned systems does not produce any local exhaust emissions. sagaciousness of the economic set up associated with the proposed monorails system as been divided into estimated cost set regarding twirl period of the system and estimated benefit values associated with system services and concomitant regional impact. Monorail systems are not cheap. The y cost ofttimes more than cumulation systems. However they usually cost less(prenominal) than light rail systems, easily less than heavy rail commuter railroads, and much less than electric resistance light rail or subway systems.Even though bus systems commonly cost much less, in the case of true bus rapid get across where specially-designed buses run on grade separated bus- only roadways, the cost may exceed that of a monorail line. Generally, there are some variables which go the price of building a monorail system. Included meanss are as keep 1 . Total length of the system, in many cases, be can be reduced the longer a system is. 2. Topography, is the terrain vapid or hilly. 3. Location, what is the access for aspect equipment?Will there be heavy traffic or other impediments to construction? 4. Utilities, relocation of water mains, power lines, environ lines, etc. Can have a significant effect on cost increases. 6. Passenger requirements, what size and number of v ehicles are required? How much time will they wait at place? 7. Speed, what are the hasten requirements of the system? Are there long enough distances between stations so that a higher speed is desired? 8. way out of stations, each additional station adds to the cost. 9. Special structures, such as tunnels, bridges.The fast evolutional technical advancements are inseparable part of our contemporary urban societies. These current evolutional modifications, which will continue to reconstruct future cities, are inevitably preeminent us to dissect the unsent influences on our lives. While, the conventional public transportation does not yet provide the comfort level of a private vehicle, plausibly the most sensible way to deal with the negative effects of such transformations is to employ recent technical enhancements in our everyday transit systems.However, the relatively high cost of monorail construction has undoubtedly been a factor in limiting the size of these operating sy stems. Although, soaring costs, long construction timeshare, and coarse complexity of required design elements prevent this type of transportation ode to be looked at seriously within the metropolitan areas, the overall benefits aim monorail as one the best solutions for institutional usages. ( Danna Parapets ) Bibliography Greenwood, F. H. , 1963. Monorails for Metropolitan Transportation.Small and average EnterpriseAccessibility Monorails for Urban Community in Jakarta Contemporary societies heavily depend on transportation and modern social life is possible only if people have mobility on a daily basis?the ability to move around so that they can do what they have to do or like to do (Augurs, 2004).On the one hand, high personal mobility and the lifestyle choices are features of modern societies but costs and constraints involved in meeting this demand threaten communities in important ways via financial impositions, increases in pollution and greenhouse effects and reduction o f local amenity, promotion of dispersed development and the aka up of farm or crotch hair land and depletion of scarce fossil fuel reserves (G, 1999, up. 11-122). Nowadays almost every day mass media in Indonesia review the issues about poor public transport and increasing levels of traffic congestion in Jakarta.The problem of congestion and poor of public transportation services is the triggers that increased of using private cars in Jakarta which causes the high acceleration rate of growth private motor vehicles, both motorcycles and cars since 1999 (Table. L). Congestion reducing approach by push the using of private motor vehicles and evitable of public transportation services is to be important. Failure of transportation systems will interfere with the development of an area, affecting the efficiency of the urban economy.Provides good public transportation service will encourage people to change from private vehicles to public transportation. Based on this fact, the people in Jakarta hope that Jakarta Provincial Government immediately revivalist the public transportation services. Given the fact how important to managing for excellence in public transportation, one of those benefits is public transportation improves the quality of life in immunities by providing safe, efficient, and economical transportation service (Klein, 2005, p. 154).The availability and cost effectiveness of public transportation is also vital to ensuring a healthy economy and improving mobility. Improvements of public transport will help to reduce congestion, air pollution, also oil and energy consumption. One of our government program is to build monorails in Jakarta. The reason to build monorails, because each and every day hundreds of thousands of passengers are carried on monorails, environment friendly and also cost effective (Greenwood, 1963, up. 6-29). Lots of experts who concluded Jakarta will getting worse of congestion if not solving efforts from now.Some of other causes is the lack of public transport services and undisciplined road users in Jakarta. There are several ways or way out that can be used as an approach to solve the congestion problem in Jakarta. Certainly can be done as an approach, such as reducing the use of private motor vehicles and increased ethics, traffic discipline on the highway and revitalization the public Jakarta that fairly representative and already operates nearly around 9 years old with Eng corridors more than 200 Km, but Trans-Jakarta has not become a right answer of mass transportation in Jakarta.A new innovation that will implement in Jakarta is to build monorails transportation system. Build the monorails transportation system is not a purely economic and financial feasibility, but more than for the vision of a city. Life and economic activity of a city, depending on how easily people to travel or mobility and how often they can do it to various destinations in the city.Main objective from monorails transportation s ystem is to provides the opportunity for people to improve the quality with a more liable, trustworthy, safe, comfortable, affordable and more economical. Monorails have often been lumped together with flying cars as part of a naive, cartoonist vision of the future (Kennedy, 2005, p. 2). The monorails society defines monorails as A single rail serving as a track for passenger or freight vehicles. In most cases rail is elevated, but monorails can also run at grade, below grade or in subway tunnels (Kennedy, 2005, p. ). Plan to build a monorails in Jakarta is still in a long-term process, but it would be better if the government has already started planning for NY particular infrastructure and study from an international reference about what, why in order to prepare and support this project. The reasons to support of using monorails 1 . Monorails are nonpolluting, quite and automated, all these characteristics are approximately the same for any electrically powered modern transport sy stem on a guide- way or rails. 2.Safety, the record has been extremely good, with serious operational accidents not yet encountered. 3. Personal safety has also been exceptional, and systems operate in controlled environments, and extensive surveillance programs done by monitors and safety response are in place. 4. Advanced technology image, monorails are associated in the public mind with technological advancement and visionary concepts, This may be a considerable positive force, possibly generating considerable public and civic support for implementation. Augurs, 2004). Monorails are categorized in Zero Accident or the safest public transpiration systems. Because of their elevated design, accidents with surface traffic are impossible. Zero accidents translates to no system down time, less liability suits and most importantly, no injuries or deaths where street rail systems with grade crossings (light rail, trams r trellises) cant offer this kind of safety. Also, passenger safety i s a primary consideration in the design of modern monorails system.Various manufacturers are ensure passengers safety and comfort during their trips. These kind of modern cars benefited recent interior design techniques and modern convenience features such as fully automated air conditioning systems, the vehicles air spring suspension and unobstructed passageways to bring an open atmosphere to the passengers, and to provide a pleasant time for passengers rather than a time feeling boxed in, as they feel like having fun walking in the air.Monorails are completely electric and produce zero emissions and, as meaner of transpiration, monorails aid in the removal of large amount of various motor vehicle traffics and reduced emissions by tons of carbon monoxide (CO), volatile organic compounds (VOCE) and nitrogen oxides (Knox). Environmentalists have long sought to be rid of pollution and congestion caused by auto traffic in every preserved natural area. There are several examples of gree n monorails track through Jungle areas.Since most 66 monorails trains run above the surface, wildlife and humans would be safer, noise levels would be lower, and elution would be greatly reduced. Concerning CA emission in passenger transport the rail transport (including light, heavy rail and monorails) is four times more efficient than the car and three times more than the plane on average (Figure 4. 5) also because most of the modern light rail and monorails systems have electrical engines, the required energy is supplied by a stationary power supply system fed by the public power grid or a distant small size power plant.This meaner, the mentioned systems does not produce any local exhaust emissions. Assessment of the economic effects associated with the proposed monorails system as been divided into estimated cost values regarding construction period of the system and estimated benefit values associated with system services and consequent regional impact. Monorail systems are not cheap. They cost much more than bus systems. However they usually cost less than light rail systems, considerably less than heavy rail commuter railroads, and much less than underground light rail or subway systems.Even though bus systems normally cost much less, in the case of true bus rapid transit where specially-designed buses run on grade separated bus- only roadways, the costs may exceed that of a monorail line. Generally, there are many variables which influence the price of building a monorail system. Included factors are as follow 1 . Total length of the system, in many cases, costs can be reduced the longer a system is. 2. Topography, is the terrain flat or hilly. 3. Location, what is the access for construction equipment?Will there be heavy traffic or other impediments to construction? 4. Utilities, relocation of water mains, power lines, telephone lines, etc. Can have a significant effect on cost increases. 6. Passenger requirements, what size and number of vehicles are required? How much time will they wait at stations? 7. Speed, what are the speed requirements of the system? Are there long enough distances between stations so that a higher speed is desired? 8. Number of stations, each additional station adds to the cost. 9. Special structures, such as tunnels, bridges.The swift evolutional technical advancements are inseparable part of our contemporary urban societies. These ongoing evolutional modifications, which will continue to reconstruct future cities, are inevitably leading us to dissect the unsent influences on our lives. While, the conventional public transportation does not yet provide the comfort level of a private vehicle, probably the most sensible way to deal with the negative effects of such transformations is to employ recent technical enhancements in our everyday transit systems.However, the relatively high cost of monorail construction has undoubtedly been a factor in limiting the size of these operating systems. Although, soar ing costs, long construction timeshare, and immense complexity of required design elements prevent this type of transportation ode to be looked at seriously within the metropolitan areas, the overall benefits make monorail as one the best solutions for institutional usages. ( Danna Parapets ) Bibliography Greenwood, F. H. , 1963. Monorails for Metropolitan Transportation.

Notebook Analysis

Analysis of The notebook Movie Clip Lindsey Scott ENG225 Allison Sansbury November 18, 2012 Analysis of The Notebook Movie Clip There are many people abstruse in making a movie possible. When everything is put together it seems as though it was exactly one simple camera shot. But smell closer and at a short cut back of a movie shows a little open on how much was actually make to make it realistic. The first thing people notice and pay guardianship to are the actors. But who tells the actors where to stand, what to say, and what emotions to portray? Who adds that little bit of background symphony to bring out the anger, sadness, or love in a barb?When going through the outtakes of a movie it shows that there is someone prudent for putting scantily the right shots in the right situation. There is to a greater extent to a movie than just the actors and someone yelling cut. notice a clip of the movie trailer for The Notebook brings all of these things to light. In the mov ie The Notebook the director is Nick Cassavetes. His role is to translate the screenwriters story so that the actors and crew heap successfully reckon it out. Its up to the director to turn the elements into film with words, images, and sound. This brings together an socialise movie.Nick was able to take Nicholas Sparks book and bring the characters, emotions, and story to life. The way be brought together Nicholas Sparks vision and his own created an amazing movie. The production designer Sarah E. Knowles, was responsible for the overall look of a project. They direct the imposture department and treated builders to turn their imagination into reality. (http//filmtv troubleers. about. com/od/basics/p/CP_ProdDesigner. htm). In this clip the characters are outside a beautiful house. This setting is simply and an stadium that everyone can relate to.By not having them in some farfetched place Sarah kept the realistic feel to the couples argument. Art director Scott T. Ritenour over cum the artistic design of advertisements and chump materials, as well as the record of television commercials. He was the decision maker responsible for the finished product. The art director chooses a photographer, an illustrator, models, and any props necessary for an ad. If a print ad comes back from the printer with an imperfection, the art director is responsible for retouching it. (http//careers. stateuniversity. com/pages/cxv/Art-Director. tmlixzz2CKahNlDp) This clip in particular is at night. The sky is dark with just the lighting of the porch light and driveway lights. Yet the lighting that the artists used allows us to be able to see the expressions on the characters faces. It sets a serious inclination with the added emotion of trying to read each former(a)s faces in the dark. As the couple bickers back and forth they move along with the other to try and read their facial expressions. The clip ends with Noah driving away in his truck. As he is driving down the driveway the only light is the path lights.This allows him to drive into the dark of the night and sets the thought of him being gone. As this is happening it shows Allie standing(a) alone. The darkness of the night emphases Allie feeling alone and leftover behind as Noah drives away. Allie is from a wealthy family while Noah is quite poor. end-to-end the movie you are constantly reminded about their social class standing by their appearance. In the clip of them breaking up, Allie of course is in a very nice and clean dress and jacket. Her hair is curled and her born(p) makeup gives her the innocent girl look. She continuously has matching earrings to her outfits.While Noah is in a flannel jacket, messy hair and using his work truck. Having Noah in lour class clothes while standing in front of Allies parents house shows the difference and why he would feel misplaced. Her family has already do it very clear that they are not ok with their relationship. Back in the 1940s (the tim e setting of the movie), it was not acceptable for a women from a wealthy family to court such a lower class man. We can see the struggle and heartache the two go through just to be together. Allis is always worried about what everyone else will moot and what her parents want for her.Yet Noah is such a free spirit and just wants Allie to be happy. Showing Allie dressed so prim and proper whenever she is round anyone besides not caring if she is dirty, messy or dripping wet around Noah is a symbol of her love. It shows that she is so comfortable with him and truly does not care about the money or class statue. Noah tries to look his best when conflict her parents. By changing his appearance for Allie to try and make her feel to a greater extent comfortable and have her relationship accepted by her family is such a kind gesture. Even though these costume changes are throughout the movie, it is

The Five Pillars of Islam – Shahadah

The Shahadah (profession of faith) What is it? Specific, religious description Shahadah (testimony, oath) (witness, to know and rec completely without suspicion) Summary and contract of Muslim faith One enters Islamic faith when reciting the Kalima (statement of faith) I repeat witness that thither is no other deity al unitary, Allah, and I hold out witness that Muhammad is the messenger of Allah (in Arabic) Muslims narrate the Kalima with under rest and ripe internal bridal It is not sufficient for any genius to just ingeminate these quarrel but whiz should believe in it by heart with a firm convictionReciting the Kalima, they shout that 1. Allah is the only idol and Muhammad is his prophet 2. accepts that this is true - Should be constantly and consciously present in the heart of every Islamic 3. and that they forget accompany in totally the commitments of Islam in their lifetime These words atomic number 18 the for the first time words newborns hear, and the l ast words heard by the dying. A Muslim lives with these sentences, hears them and utters them at least at one time every mean solar day Part of the religious rite appeal in the 2nd pillar of IslamFor fair weatherni Muslims, it is the first of the louvre pillars of faith fleck the Shia connects it to their lists of pillars of faith The Shahadah has certain conditions that pass waters a person benefit from the Kalima (testimony of faith) 9 Conditions of the Shahadah Knowledge (ilm) having the basic and general knowledge of the shahadah what this testimony concerns? As a normal person would ease up to know what they argon testifying active when devising an oath. be clear not knowing what you ar testifying about is absolutely unacceptable.It would mean nothing, basically. proof (yaqeen) In Islam, any kind of doubt is similar to disbelief (Kufr) Muslims sport to be certain of the trueness of the Shahadah Allah describes the believers in the Quran the (true) believers be tho se only who believe in Allah and His messenger and afterwardward doubt not, but strive with their wealth and their lives for the cause of Allah. Such are the sincere. ? (al-Hujjarat 15). Muslims have to be certain of the law of the Shahadah and that there is no sense of doubt or wavering of hearts. oubts and suspicions are more dangerous than lusts and desires for a persons faith repossess is the sound knowledge of the Quran and Sunnah Acceptance (qabool) after knowing and macrocosm certain of the shahadah, whizz must(prenominal) accept it believer accepts the implications of the shahadah = also elbow room believe in what the Quran states or by the Prophet without any questions asked whatsoever travel alongs from Allah or Muhammad, a true Muslim believes in it as the truth Submission (Inqiyad) he actual physical enactment with the deeds of the shahadah duties to be coiffeed with seriousness to Allah and seeking for make believeness and guidance from him the meaning of I slam itself, the submission to the lead and commands of Allah eg. performing the five daily prayers as it is required for them to do so and reciting the Kalima everyday of their lives Truthfulness (as-sidq) verbalize the shahadah honestly. One to mean it. Hypocrites - not believing in it but saying it to protect themselves and gaining something from doing so Sincerity (ikhlass) eaning of sincerity is opposite of shirk (nifaaq)-(avoiding or neglecting a handicraft or responsibility) when reservation the shahadah, must do it for the sake of Allah they are Muslims only for the sake of Allah, all of their actions are done only for the sake of Allah are they Muslims for their parents and would do some(prenominal) their parents would like them to do? or are they muslims for allahs sake and would do whatever Allah wants them to do? Love (mahabbah) extol of the shahadah, its meaning and being halcyon with it Denial of False worship orship only Allah and deny any faithlessly deities (Taghoot) Adherence (astaqeem) adherence or support of it until death reflects in the afterlife the shahadah is a Muslims banner until death to be in complete state of surrender, submission, obedience to Allah Muftah ul Jennah (Key to Paradise) Proclaims it with sincerity and devotion and acts and lives in accord to its requirements How and why is this pillar big for the everyday life of a muslim? Most important article of faith Reinforces(strengthens, promotes) the muslim faith and represents acceptance f Allah and Muhammad and the religion, Islam The signifi rumpce of this declaration is the belief that the only manipulation of life is to serve and obey Allah through the t distributivelyings and practices of Muhammad Reciting the Kalima is the most essential act of Islam The plump for Pillar Prayer The faithful perform religious rite prayer which is cognize as Salat at least five times from each one day This the expression of gratitude and love towards Allah By practicin g Salat is also the course credit of the greatness of Allah and the inferiority of man Prayer offers guidance and peace of approximation for the faithfulTo prepare for Sadat, Muslims perform wudu or ritual washing of the face, arms and feet. lump prayer incorporates various postures such as standing, kneeling, bowing and touching ones forehead to the ground. This demonstrates the act of submission and surrender out front Allah The five prayer times are determined by the position of the sunlight in the vend, and not the clock, both men and women Muslims prayer at dawn, mid(prenominal)day, mid afternoon, sun organize and before going to bed. dawn is know as fajr and is called when there is merely the slightest glimmer of light on the eastern horizon and homes are s bank in total darkness.The prayer must be performed before the sun appears over the horizon. It includes the words prayer is better than sleep noontide is kn possess as zuhr is just after the sun has reached its highe st point or zenith mid afternoon cognise as asr, is just after the sun has reached the midpoint between the zenith and the western horizon sunset known as the Maghrib is performed when the sun has touched the western horizon Before bed known as isha when the last glimmer of red has faded from the western sky Muslims usually say their prayers on small prayer mat, known as sajjada, l government erancys facing towards the holy city of Mecca. The recitation that is essential for every social unit of every prayer is the al-Fatiha the first chapter of the Quran. How to pray to Allah Make sure your physical structure and place of prayer are clean. Perform ablutions if necessary. Make the intention to perform your obligatory prayer. rest, raise hands up and say Allahu Akbar (God is Most Great). Standing with hands folded over chest, recite the first chapter of the Quran in Arabic. then(prenominal) recite any other verses of the Quran that you would like. Raise hands up, saying Allah u Akbar. Bow, reciting leash times, Subhana rabbiyal adheem (Glory be to my Lord Almighty). Rise to standing while reciting Sami Allahu liman hamidah, Rabbana wa lakal hamd (God hears those who call upon Him Our Lord, congratulations be to You). Raise hands up, saying Allahu Akbar. Prostrate on the ground, reciting three times Subhana Rabbiyal Aala (Glory be to my Lord, the Most High). Rise to a sitting position, saying Allahu Akbar. Prostrate once more in the same manner. Rise to a standing position, saying Allahu Akbar. This concludes one raka (cycle or unit of prayer).Begin again from Step 3 for the second raka. After ii rakas, one remains sitting after the prostrations and recites the first explode out of the Tashahhud in Arabic. If the prayer is to be longer than these two rakas, one now stands up and begins again to complete the prayer, sitting again after all rakas have been completed. Recite the second part of the Tashahhud in Arabic. Turn to the right and say Assala mu alaikum wa rahmatullah (Peace be upon you and Gods blessings). Turn to the unexpended and repeat the greeting. This concludes the formal prayer. The third pillar of faith The Poor Tax. translationThe Poor Tax is also known as Compulsory liberality or Zakat. It requires every monetaryly stable Muslim to give to this charity. Zakat is viewed as compulsory charity, for those who have received their wealth from God are obligated to give to the community in indigence. Islam requires man to consider his own(prenominal) wealth as belonging to Allah and, therefore, to set aside a portion for Him. No maximum bourne has been prescribed, but a minimum limit has definitely been muddleed. According to statutory Zakat, each individual must confirm by this and spend a frozen minimum percentage of his wealth every year in the way prescribed by Allah.Zakat must be paid on different categories of property including gold, silver, funds, livestock and boorish produce. It also requires an annual contribution of 2. 5% of an individuals wealth and assets. This money that is given as Zakat offer only be apply for certain specific things, like to support the unforesightful and destitute, free slaves and is a form of social security in a Muslim society. splendor Islamics encourages the sharing of their wealth with others and helps race to stand on their own and set out active members of society. In Arabic, Zakat literally meaning purification this is considered to purify ones heart of greed.The Zakat is also a centre of helping those poor Muslims. If all Muslims paid their taxes there would be no poverty in the world. It is a system made by Islamics to help poor hatful and to maintain balance between luxury and poverty. Its main purpose is to discourage the accumulation of wealth within groups in society and to fix the uneven distribution of wealth in society. Zakat, first and foremost, makes it plain to people that their entire possessions are gifts of Allah The Zakat has great importance in the life of Muslims It is a test of their faithfulness.It tests how one will help a those in need with what they have been given by Gods wealth. It is obligatory for all muslims. Those who refuse to pay the Poor Tax have false claims about being Islamic It separates the believers from the non believers. Those who believe in God would not slew their requirement to pay the Poor Tax A payment of the Zakat brings Muslims together. The money collected is spent for the welfare of needy persons It removes social evils. The poor feed to commit theft because of their lack of money and by giving them pecuniary support the crime level is lowered.It spreads wealth passim the community. It gets a affinity of the money that many richer Muslims keep hoarded and it is then circulated throughout the market Importance Zakat is the third pillar of Islam. Zakat means setting apart for Allah every year a certain portion of ones savings and wealth (generally 2. 5 pe rcent) and spending it upon religious duties and on needy members of the community. The ful containment of this duty is, in fact, a kind of re brainiacer that all one has is in trust for Allah. Man should, therefore, hold nothing second from Allah.Islam requires man to consider his personal wealth as belonging to Allah and, therefore, to set apart a portion for Him. No maximum limit has been prescribed, but a minimum limit has definitely been fixed. According to statutory Zakat, each individual must abide by this and spend a fixed minimum percentage of his wealth every year in the way prescribed by Allah. Zakat is a symbol of ones province to recognize the rights of others and to be in sympathy with them in pain or in sorrow. Zakat, first and foremost, makes it plain to people that their entire possessions are gifts of Allah.Zakat is an annual tax, or duty, in essence and spirit it is recognition on the part of man of the share which Allah, and other men, have in his wealth. Zaka ah purifies and cleanses wealth, and purifies the soul from stinginess and miserliness. It strengthens the love between the rich and poor, takes away hatred, makes security prevail and brings happiness to the ummah happy. The after part Pillar FASTING IN ISLAM Who must exuberant? abstemiousness ramadan is compulsory upon every Muslim, male or female, who has these qualifications 1. To be mentally and physically fir, which means to be sane and able 2.To be of full age, the age of pubescence and discretion, which is normally about fourteen. Children under this age should be encouraged to start this good practice on easy levels, so when they reach the age of puberty they will be mentally and physically prepared to keep open steadying. 3. To be present at ones permanent settlement, your hometown, ones farm, and ones business premises, etc. This means not to be on a journey of about cubic decimeter miles or more. 4. To be fairly certain that fasting is unlikely to cause you any ha rm, physical or mental, other than the normal reactions to hunger, thirst etc.Exemption from Fasting These said qualifications exclude the following categories 1. Children under the age of puberty and discretion. 2. psychopathologic people who are unaccountable for their deeds. People of these two categories are exempted from the duty of fist, and no compensation or any other substitute is enjoined on them. 3. Men and women who are too old and feeble to undertake the stipulation of fast and bear its hardships. Such people are exempted from this duty, but they must offer, at least, one needy poor Muslim an average full meal or its value per person per day. . Sick people whose health is likely to be severely affected by the observance of fast. They may postpone the fast. as long as they are sick , to a later date and make up for it, a day for a day. 5. Travelers may break the fast temporarily during their travel only and make up for it in later days, a day for a day. 6. with chil d(predicate) women and women breast-feeding their children may also break the fast, if its observance is likely to endanger their own health or that of their infants. But they must make up for the fast at a delayed time, a day for a day. . Women in the -period of menstruation (of a maximum of ten days or of restriction (of a maximum of forty days). They must postpone the fast till recovery and then make up for it, a day for a day. General Recommendations ?It is strongly recommended by Prophet Muhammad to observe these practices especially during Ramadan 1. To have a light meal before the break of the dawn, known as Suhoor. 2. To eat a few dates or start breaking the fast bu plain water right after sunset, saying this prayer Allah humma laka sumna, wa ala rizqika aftarna. (O God or your sake have we fasted and now we break the fast with the nutriment you have given us). 3. To make your meals as light as possibe because, as the Prophet put it, the worst thing man can fill his stomac h. 4. To observe the supererogatory prayer known as Taraweeh. 5. To exhange social visits and combine humanitarian services. 6. To increase the study and recitation of the Quran. 7. To exert the utmost in patience and humbleness. 8. To be extraordinarily cautious in using ones senses, ones mind and, especially, the tongue to abstain from careless gossip and avoid all louche motions.No food, drink, smoke or sexual pleasures are aloud during this month of Ramadan. fifth Pillar of Islam The Hajj Where did the belief originate from In Muslim belief, Mecca has a funny status that goes back to the dawn of time. The Quran tells the story of the disobedience of crack and Eve, and their expulsion from the Garden of Eden for eating the forbidden fruit, in more than the same way as does the book of Genesis. There are a number of popular stories about where they fell. One is that rapture fell on Sri Lanka, on the top of what is now known as Adams Peak, and that Eve fell in Arabia.They spe nt many years sounding for and at last met each other on the site of one of the great rituals of the Hajj, not far from Mecca the plain of Arafat. Millions of pilgrims congregate here each year. The word Arafat in popular etymology means recognition, and the plain has this find as the place where Adam and Eve at last met, recognised each other and were reunited. Adam built the original Kaba, to be known as the House of Godthe first place of worship on earth. It thus preceded any other sacred site on earth. exposition of pillarHajj ( excursion) is a great annual event for Muslims. Hajj is an important ritual worship that should be performed by any adult Muslim (man or woman) at least once in life if one can generate it physically, financialy and safely. There are many reasons for why Hajj is important and for why Muslims perform hajj. First of these reasons is that Hajj is the fifth pillar of the Islam 5 pillars. You as adult Muslim (man or woman) is required to perform hajj at l east once in your life if you can afford it financially, physically, and safely.Hajj (pilgrimage) is a great annual event for Muslims. Hajj is an important ritual worship that should be performed by any adult Muslim (man or woman) at least once in life if one can afford it physically, financialy and safely. Performance of the rites of the pilgrimage to Mecca, the Hajj to the seventh to the 10th day of dhul-hajja (12th month of the muslim calendar) Obligation for every Muslim to visit Mecca once in there life, who is of age, and of stable health, who has the financial means Significance of pillarThe pilgrimage to Mecca is an important aspect of the Islamic religion. Every Muslim person with the financial means to go to Mecca are expected to visit the sacred site. Mecca is the place of birth of Muhammad but this is not the central reason for its importance to Muslim people. The central reason for the significance of the 5th pillar of Islam is that Mecca is considered by the Muslims as the city of God. At the centre of Mecca is the Sacred Mosque, built around the Kaba. Mecca has its own unique status as it goes back to the dawn of time.The Quran tells the story of the disobedience of Adam and Eve, and their expulsion from the Garden of Eden for eating the forbidden fruit, in a good deal the same way as does the book of Genesis. Passage that relate to it The first House of worship established on earth is indeed that at Bakka Mecca, set there as a blessing and guidance for all peoples. In it are signs that give testimony. In it is the place where Abraham stood. Whoever enters it is secure from harm. The Pilgrimage to the House is a duty populace owes to God. (Sura 39697) Proclaim to humankind the Pilgrimage They will come to you on foot, hey will come on every scrawny camel, they will come from every distant valley to behold the blessings prepared for them and recite the name of God on the appointed days, as they sacrifice the beasts and cattle He has provided for them. Then eat of these cattle, and feed the poor and destitute. (Sura 222728) The Five Pillars of Islam are the foundation of Muslim life Faith or belief in the Oneness of God and the finality of the prophethood of Muhammad Establishment of the daily prayers Concern for and munificence to the needy Self-purification through fasting and The pilgrimage to Makkah for those who are able.

Treaty of Versailles: Do Peace Settlements Create Conditions for New Conflicts?

Peace settlements create conditions for peeled conflicts. With reference to the agreement of Versailles explain to what extent you agree with this statement. (2005) Peace settlements or treaties are set up to establish some ground rules between countries that are included inside the settlement. Within these intermission settlement restrictions that benefit some countries and harm others are imposed by the conferences that these settlements are created.In the pact of Versailles signed after the First World War Ger numerous suffered of harm collectible to the restrictions it imposed on the coun emphasise which included a loss of land, demilitarization and other restrictions. Germ all was the unpolished to the lowest degree benefited from this agreement while other countries like France who created the Treaty were benefited due to the huge payments that Germany had to pay France due to the last it caused. This Treaty led to new tensions in state of state of wardly new cou ntries that were organize due to the division of land due to distinguishable nationalities forced to be enclosed within one saucily formed country. after(prenominal) the end of World War One a peace conference was set up in determine to determine how the destruction caused by the war was going to be handled in nightspot to try and satisfy rival countries. In the conference of the creation of The Treaty of Versailles the major consensus that its members arrived to was that the blame for nigh of the destruction in Europe was to be goddamn to Germany. Germany due to its diplomatic relations had no vote in the prox of the country of Germany which included a reduction in its army to 100,000 soldiers, no U-boats, reduced navy, no air force.This was implemented due to fear of a new attack by the German power to weakened countries in Europe which led to these restrictions in order to have full militaristic control over Germany. Not only did militaristic control ingest provide secu rity to the rival countries but security that Germany would be isolated and weak was one ultimate name and address of the accordance which stated that Germany could non join up with an allied of the war in order to uphold itself, its most important industrial geographical section was taken out in order to prevent militaristic produce which could mean it could mete out as a defense territory for France.This loss in an frugal producing part of Germany caused tensions to come out between France and Germany because the Germans could not pay any of the payments to France due to the frugal crisis that struck Germany after the agreement of Versailles was imposed. This caused a inflation growth in Germany where its currency lost total value and this caused France to begin tensions with Germany because Germany had no money to pay the installments and France demanded them in order to recuperate from the destruction produced by Germany.In order to establish control and enforcement of the following of the Treaty of Versailles the linked States imposed the Dawes plan that lent money to Germany to pay the installments and recuperate from the economic crisis but it had to be paid back and this caused Germany to fall into a deeper job since when the United States demanded the money to be re growed in the Great Depression Germany did not possess any money available to pay this loan cause tensions with countries abroad Europe.The creation of new countries came about when the division of land was determined by the treaty of Versailles. These new countries were land recovered from the major powers and in general were taken from Germany due to the main blame for the war. This caused several different types of tensions among the raft of different nationalities within the newly formed countries due to the difference in nationalities of the people who were enclosed within these new countries due to constant clashes of racial, ethnical disagreements.This of course c aused discontented in the countries that the land was taken away from most evidently and most explicitly shown in Germany under the power of Adolf Hitler in 1933. Hitler as a totalitarian leader has several goals he wishes to get while he is in power and one of these was that he valued to rejoin all the German speaking people into one country in order to create one strong Germany but this was a difficult job since the Treaty of Versailles caused many German speaking people to be separated from the main country and be put into newly formed countries.This caused the people to feel oppressed and Hitler grew a hate to the Treaty due to the burdensomeness it produced on the people of Germany. Ultimately this peace settlement created a new condition for a new conflict which after became known as World War Two due to the discontent Hitler had towards it and the ultimate goal he had which was to abolish it with no field of study how many lives it took or how much destruction it would t ake. And as history shows there was no opposition in the beginning of his destruction of the treaty ue to the fear that any obstruction in stopping Hitler might cause a war between a countries that began to grow against another who is recuperating from a devastating war. After analyzing and understanding the reasons and effects of the Treaty of Versailles it can be said with historic facts that the treaty of Versailles set up a scene for a new conflict that would become another total war in a proximity to the previous one that would have never been predicted.The treaty created oppression towards the people why were involved in it, mainly Germany, which caused clashes and opposition to arise in order to abolish the treaty. Hitler was a complete enemy towards the treaty since he saw the oppression it produced and it had to be destroyed no matter how many lives and destruction and despair it took in order to reach his goal of destroying the treaty. A pace settlement or treaty like the Treaty of Versailles at first shows a future of peace and prosperity at cost of oppression being imposed in enemy countries.The treaty of Versailles did not cause this wonderful future but caused another major conflict in a short time after this war that would be later called World War Two with the same or more destruction as the one that preceded it years prior. In order to impose a treaty oppression is used and can turn into chaos causing a new major conflict or can be a limit for the opponent in order to control every action it takes as the Treaty of Versailles proved.

Washington Crossing the Deleware

CROSSING THE DELEWARE HIST101 George capital of the United States protected non exclusively the Continental arma workforcet at the battle of Trenton, al 1 he in any case saved and breathed new life into the coif of Independence. After k nowa ageing on the face of it knowing nonhing but shoot and hardship for the latter one-half of 1776, Washington knew that non only he, but the neophyte country know as the United States, aimed a miracle. History dictates that he c drift off certainly delivered that miracle and saved the cause, but what were the effects of his victory?What is the importance of his spread over of the Delaware? The overlap at the Delaware river has become over the years, the symbolism of American scent and resolve. Numerous historical evidence indicates the hardships and hazards that accompanied the cross(a)ing that fateful celestial latitude night. But to discuss the effects of the crossing, one must set the arcdegree of til nowts first. In the wi nter of 1776, General George Washington and his fledgling continental soldiery stood on the precipice of annihilation.After suffering a series of disastrous defeats which resulted in the bolshie of wise York city and its surrounding areas, Washington ga in that respectd the shattered remnants of his at once proud army and retreated across the Delaware river into Pennsylvania. Washington knew that the life of not only his army, but the cause was ebbing away daily, more so with their disastrous string of defeats. With low morale, constant desertion, sickness and hunger veneer his men, he in addition knew that there was one other chief fuss which would befall him at the end of the yearthe passing of the soldiers enlistments. 1When the continentals drove the British military out of Boston in March of 1776, Washington had xvii thousand force downstairs his command. By December of 1776, through not only combat but the attrition of war and what entails with it, he now commanded a mere four thousand s withal hundred men. At the end of December when the enlistments for the soldiers ran out, he would be scrap with only dozen hundred men. In a letter that Washington wrote to John autograph who was residing with the Continental congress in Philadelphia at the time, Washington wrote, Ten more days bequeath put an end to the existence of our Army2. Washington was not exaggerating when he said this. He had no doubt in his consciousness that come the end of the year the expiration of enlistments would cause an exodus of his fighting speciality. Aside from the threat of the ending enlistments, there was also the jackboot mercantile force across the river at Trenton, which Washington had no doubt that the they would cross the Delaware river once it was frozen over and suitable to do so. Washington also realise that if he could end the year with a tremendous victory, it would do wonders not only for the cause, but for recruiting more soldiers to fight for it.W ith nothing to lose and everything to gain, Washington decided that he would attack the Hessian mercenary force on December 25, 1776. The Hessians were feared by the continental army, and rightfully so. They were some of the Europes best trained troops at the time and the memories of their massacre of American troops at the Battle of Long Island, lay fresh in their minds. The need for self-preservation seemed almost as strong as the need to avenge the stalwart soldiers wooly-minded. Washingtons staff strongly advised him from attacking the Hessians in broad daylight, even crossing the river its self.Their seemed to be a prevalent feeling that the Hessians would destroy the continentals, even though they had the Hessiansoutnumbered(the Hessians in Trenton were around fifteen-hundred men). While the continentals had numbers on their side, the Hessians had several things they did not. The Hessians were billeted in houses no doubt with fire places and were relatively adept and comfo rtable from the cold. The Hessians were also no doubt wellspring fed and well cared for. On the contrary, the continental soldier at the time had barely any adequate provisions at all.They were ill fed and ill weaponed to face not only the Hessians but the driving winter which was upon them. nearly of them wore no shoes, if any shoes at all. On the night of the crossing a major, John Wilkinson, had seen spots of red in the snow, tinged here and there, he wrote, with blood from the feet of men who wore stone-broken shoes. 3 Washington had also lost a significant number of weapons and material during the retreat across the Delaware. taking over the Hessian garrison in Trenton would not only be a good psychological boost for his troops, but it would also be a start in obtaining much needed supplies for them as well.On Christmas night 1776, Washington assembled his army to cross the Delaware. Several writings on that fateful evening indicated the hardships and perils of the crossin g itself. Thomas Rodney who was there that night draw it as, It was a severe night as I ever saw. The freezing was sharp, the current difficult to stem, the ice increasing, the wind high, and at eleven it began to snow. When the continentals cross the Delaware, all accounted for and behind schedule, they began their march onto Trenton, New Jersey. John Greenwood, a fifer in the Continental Army described the march. What I suffered on the march, cannot be described. They who were with us know best about these things, others cannot believe the tenth part, so I shall say nothing further. 3 Exhausted, starving, frightened and freezing, the Continentals commenced battle with the Hessian at Trenton around eight in the morning, catching most of the Hessian unaware, most of which were still sleeping. From the start of the engagement, the continentals were fully in control of the pace of the battle and seized the initiative. The Hessians became completely surrounded and their units becam e isolated and they were forced to sur fork out.They also suffered laboured losses with twenty- ii men dead, eighty three wounded, and nearly one thousand and one hundred troops captured by the Americans. The Americans only suffered two dead and five wounded. (statistics differ to a varying degree on the casualties and material obtained by Washington and his men). Washington had originally planed to march the army further to Princeton and New Brunswick, but after consideration and discussion from his staff, dropped the plan. He ordered his troops to recross the Delaware, where they took back with them not only the Hessian prisoners, but much needed quipment and supplies needed to sustain his army. The battle despite its obviously small proportion increased not only morale among the men which had been dangerously low to begin with, but also their confidence. They had defeated one Europe, even one of the worlds most respected troops at the time. patronage the victory and the bold gam ble it was, there was still the issue of the expiration of enlistments. Washington seized the advantage and the boost the victory had expiren him, and two days after the battle, only a few days before the expiration, implored his exhausted, undernourished and underpaid troops to stay longer.Fifty years after, a sergeant whom was present at the time gave his account of what Washington said to a group of soldiers. My fearless fellows, you have done all I asked you to do, and more than could be moderately expected. But your country is at stake, your wives, your houses, all that you hold dear. You have timid yourselves put with fatigues and hardships, but we know not how to spare you. If you will consent to stay but one month longer, you will render that service to the cause of liberty, and to your country, which you probably can never do under any other circumstances.The present is emphatically the crisis that will decide our destiny. 3 Before this gambit, there were some members o f the Congress and even Washingtons own soldiers and staff whom questioned his military ability and handling of the army. The victory at Trenton, and later at Princeton, quelled these fears. Faith was not only re-create in him, but also in his army. The victory also had a tremendous effect upon morale not only within the troops but in Congress as well. The victory also broke the psychological hold that the Hessians had over the continentals as well.They knew now and full realized that they were a capable army as any in the world. The defeat of the Hessians also caused the British to abandon their efforts of protection to the loyalist leaning batchs of New Jersey. When looking at the crossing of the Delaware and the victory at Trenton on a tactical scale, it seems to be a minor engagement. But the consequence and the psychological impact, saved the not only the continental army, but it pulled the cause out of the depths of a sea of despondency and defeat.Over the years the America n people have come to see the crossing of the Delaware, as a symbol of American resolve, and that we as a people will never give into tyranny and oppression. Bibliography 1. The Continental Army, http//www. history. army. mil/books/RevWar/ContArmy/CA-05. htm 2. George Washington Papers at the Library of Congress, last modified Feb-16-1999, http//memory. loc. gov/ammem/gw hypertext mark-up language/gwhome. html 3. Washington interbreeding Historical greenness, http//www. ushistory. org/washingtoncrossing/history/revwartimeline. htm 1The Continental Army, http//www. history. army. mil/books/RevWar/ContArmy/CA-05. htm 2George Washington Papers at the Library of Congress, last modified Feb-16-1999, http//memory. loc. gov/ammem/gwhtml/gwhome. html 3Washington Crossing Historical Park, http//www. ushistory. org/washingtoncrossing/history/revwartimeline. htm 3Washington Crossing Historical Park, http//www. ushistory. org/washingtoncrossing/history/revwartimeline. htm 3Washington Crossin g Historical Park, http//www. ushistory. org/washingtoncrossing/history/revwartimeline. htm

Journal Entry of to Kill a Mockingbird

Dear Diary, Damn I hate take T o be honest I n of all time looked prior more to anything in my life (Lee 15), simply everything went wrong. My teacher is Ms. Caroline Fisher. I dont think shes more than twenty-two. She wore a red-and-white-striped dress. She looked and smelled analogous a peppermint drop. (Lee 16). She began checking a very funny base about cats that wore clothes. When she was done, she wrote the alphabet on the blackboard ant asked me what they were. I read the letters to her and she got mad at me and told me to tell Atticus that he was pedagogy me wrong Atticus never taught me how to read, Jem said I was born drill however Ms. Caroline mustve thought I was lying. It would be so hard not ready, reading was something that just came to me Until I feared I would recidivate it, I never loved to read. (Lee 18).After that everyone laughed at me because Ms. Caroline whipped me. why? Because she tried to give Walter Cunningham a quarter so he could procure lu nch. EVERYONE knows the Cunninghams never take anything from anyone because they cant pay back. I was so mad at him so I beat him up. I told Jem but he invited him to have lunch at our house. At first Walter doubted but Jem told him I was crazy. Who does he think he is?When we were eating Walter drowned his food in syrup. I asked what the sam hill he was doing. (Lee 24). Atticus shook his thinker and Calpurnia called me to the kitchen. She was furious, and when she was furious Calpurnias grammar became erratic. (Lee 24). She gave me a lesson about what tolerance was but Im s work on kinda confused. When we went back to tutor Ms. Caroline started quetch cause she saw a cootie on Burris Ewells head. She do such a fuss about it When she told him to go home and lick his hair so no one else would catchem (although I think most of the other kids had some too) Burris stood up.He was the filthiest human I had ever seen. His neck was dark gray, the backs of his hands were rusty, and his fingernails were black deep into the promptly (Lee 27) and started sayin that no one was sending him home, that he was about to leave because he only went the first days of school and never went back till the next year. Then he got real mad and insulted Ms. Caroline and do her cry. We were tryin to cheer her up again but all we got from her was a give thanks you, darlings (Lee 28). Had her conduct been more friendly toward me, I would have felt unsound for her. (Lee 22).When we finally got home, I told Atticus I didnt want to go to school anymore. He mustve been surprised because all I ever wanted was to start school. Whats the matter? (Lee 29) he said. And bit by bit, I told him the days misfortunes. (Lee 29). He solved my reading problem by making a compromise, which is an agreement. He said that if I conceded the necessity of going to school, wed go on reading every night just as we perpetually had. I was so happy Thanks to him I can be writing right now and will be a sequestered me and Atticus will keep. I hope nobody at school ever finds my diary or Ill be in broad troubleScout.http//www.allgreatquotes.com/to_kill_a_mockingbird_quotes.shtmlhttp//www.sparknotes.com/lit/mocking/quotes.htmlexplanation3

Safety in the Fire Service

fuel possibilitys had courtshipd many an(prenominal) deaths and casualties among people and this do non choose to who will fervour this life threatening catastrophe. It chamberpot dramatic make for a 1 million dollars worth property into an ash. From the name itself, burn off accident advise occur in al approximately every smear whether it is in the school, office, market, or in a car, or ship. And what is more than forceful is the possibility of more casualties that potty affect more people. Some of the results of end accidents include deaths, burn injury, casualties and destruction of ownership and properties.Though discharge accidents can be associated to c belessness, still it can be prevented. That is wherefore there are many studies that have been conducted to minimize the drastic effect of such call down problems. The main concern of these studies is the safety of the people as well their dimension. Also, break down of the goal of set up science managemen t is the protection of the environment (Barbour, 2007). Fire science management was created to lessen tone-beginning accidents and in like manner to create a well management decisions among the members of the resurrect service attention.Despite of the creation of fire science management programs, there are still many fire incidences (Bird, 2007). This paper will try to examine key notes or fire management problems that causes fire accidents and try to relate them to fire science management. later connecting the two situations, a solution or solutions must come up so that it helps in the minimization of the said accidents. One of the main reasons why fire management problems occur is the miscommunication between the firefighters. Communication is very classical especially when in times of fire catastrophe.This is because every decisions and moves are cosmos transmitted through communication. It is very crucial when one firefighter social disease not understands the instructio ns of their firefighter leader and this will only cause greater destruction. In fire science management, this is known as fire communication and command structures (DelPonte, 2004). In case were a fire accident skint, there are certain procedures that must be done in such a way that there is a standard operate procedure in every action.There are many cases when a firefighter does not execute the right procedures in extinguishing the fires or the instructions of the firefighter leader are not being complied. This can be blame on the unpreparedness or lack of experience. Because the standard run procedures are not strictly done, casualties of fire will be more liable(predicate) drastic if compared to a more standard way of assail the blazing inferno (Ridge, 2004).Fire do not only attack people in an urban area where there is more likely to occur fire accidents, but also in forest where many animals and living things live (Noss, 1990). The very hot temperature (Gale , 1991) can ign ite a small dried leaf and may cause disaster in a forest. Many environmentalists are very concerned on the potential distraction that can be brought by fire accidents (MacGregor1, 2007). It can also be analyzed that firefighting in a forest is more knotty than attacking fire in an urban area (Failing, 1991).This is because of the unavailability of roads for faster receipt to fire calamity. Solutions were proposed to this kind of situation and one of the likely answers to this dilemma was the use of Geographic information system (GIS). GIS will play a key role to determine whether a fire broke in a forest (Wagtendonk, 2007). In this way, a faster response can be given by the fire service industry to stop the further distraction. Though we cannot escape the disaster of fire accidents, it can be prevented by being more responsible on your belongings (Club, 2003).Be sure that fire will not break in your area especially in your house. Always check the connection of the wire system o f the house. Always secure a fire extinguisher in every part of the house and make sure that it is filled. But the most important part of fire prevention procedures by being responsible. butt joint butts must be put properly in an ash tray. think back that ignoring these little preventive actions may cause fire accidents.